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难民海员协议(附英文)
 
    【标 题】 难民海员协议(附英文)
    【颁布单位】
    【颁布日期】 1957-11-23
    【实施日期】 0000-00-00
    【有 效 性】 有效
    
    序 言
     比利时王国、丹麦王国、法兰西共和国、德意志联邦共和国、大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国、荷兰王国、挪威王国和瑞典王国各政府，
     均为《１９５１年７月２８日难民地位公约》缔约国政府，
     渴望以第１１条的精神进一步促进难民海员问题的解决和与联合国难民事务高级专员在履行其职责方面保持合作，尤其是考虑到上述公约第３５条规定，
     经协议如下：
     第一章
     第１条
     就本协议而言，
     （ａ）“公约”一词应适用于《１９５１年７月２８日难民地位公约》；
     （ｂ）“难民海员”一词应适用于以任何身份作为海员在商船上工作的和作为海员通常在
     这种船上谋生的任何人，只要根据所述公约第１条的定义和有关缔约国按照该条
     １３项所作的声明和通知的规定，他为难民者。
     第二章
     第２条
     当未经合法手续停留在任何国家领土上或无权为了此种停留目的而进入任何国家领土的难民海员，他处在确实感到由于种族、信仰、国籍、特殊社会团体的成员或政见原因受其迫害的国家除外，就公约第２８条而言，应有权被视为合法停留在下述缔约国的领土上：
     （ａ）在本协议适用于该海员之前的三年内，他作为难民海员已在悬挂该国国旗的且每年
     至少在其领土内港口停靠两次的船舶上工作了６００天的缔约国，但就本款而言，他
     在另一国家领土上定居期间或在此以前的任何工作时间不应予以考虑；
     或如无这种缔约国，
     （ｂ）在本协议适用于其情况之前的三年内，他作为难民已在该缔约国合法居住过，并在
     此期间他并未在另一国家的领土上定居。
     第３条
     在本协议生效之日，下述情况的难民海员：
     （ｉ）非法停留在任何国家的领土上并无权为此种停留目的进入任何国家的领土，他处在
     确实感到由于种族、信仰、国籍、特殊社会团体的成员或政见原因受其迫害的国家除
     外，和
     （ｉｉ）按本协议第２条被视为非法停留在某缔约国领土上，
     就公约第２８条而言，应视为有权合法停留在下述缔约国的领土上：
     （ａ）在１９４５年１２月３１日之后和本协议生效之前，当他为难民时，最后一次为他颁发、
     展期或换新旅行证件的缔约国，不论该证件是否还有效，其有效期应展至回到该领
     土；或如无这种缔约国，
     （ｂ）在１９４５年１２月３１日之后和本协议生效之前，他作为难民最后一次在其领土上合
     法停留的缔约国；或如无这种缔约国，
     （ｃ）在１９４５年１２月３１日之后和本协议生效之前，他作为难民海员最后一次在三年任
     何期间已在悬挂该国国旗的且每年至少在其领土内港口停靠两次的船舶上工作了
     ６００天的缔约国。
     第４条
     除非有关缔约国另有决定，难民海员将不再被视为合法停留在某缔约国领土上，如果在他根据本协议第２或第３条最终变得有权被视为合法停留之日后，他：
     （ａ）已在另一个国家的领土上定居，或
     （ｂ）在该日后的６年内的任何期间，一直在悬挂另一国国旗的船舶上工作了１３５０天，或
     （ｃ）在该日后的３年内任何期间，作为海员在悬挂该缔约国旗的且每年至少在其领土
     内港口停靠两次的船舶上既未至少工作过３０天，也未在该缔约国领土上至少停留
     过１０天。
     第５条
     为了使尽可能多的难民海员的地位昨以改善，缔约国应同情地考虑将本协议的利益扩展给按其规定无资格享受这些利益的难民海员。
     第三章
     第６条
     某一缔约国对持有另一缔约国颁的且有效期至回到该缔约国领土的旅行证的难民海员，在进入其领土方面，应依照以前船上工作或岸上休假的安排，给予与最后所述缔约国国民海员同样的待遇，或一般至少不低于给予外国海员的待遇。
     第７条
     某一缔约国对持有有效期至回到另一缔约国领土的旅行证件的难民海员所提的旨在帮助其在另一国家定居或具有其他充分理由的要求，应给予同情的考虑。
     第８条
     缔约国应尽力保证向在悬挂其国旗的船舶上工作但不能获得有效旅行证的难民海员提供身份证件。
     第９条
     当任何难民海员的身心健康受到严重危害时，只要在各缔约国权限内，不得强的害该海员停留在船舶上。
     第１０条
     只要在各缔约国权限内，不得强迫任何难民海员停留在驶往这样的港口或穿越这样的水域的船舶上，在那里他已感到由于种族、信仰、国籍、特殊社会团体的成员或政见原因受到迫害。
     第１１条
     难民海员正合法停留在或根据本协议就公约第２８条而言被视为合法停留在其领土上的缔约国，应让他进入其领土，只要该海员所在领土的缔约国如此要求。
     第１２条
     本协议任何规定不应被视为损害某一缔约国除按本协议外给予难民海员的任何权利和利益。
     第１３条
     （１）每一缔约国，由于国家治安或公共秩序方面有力的令人信服的理由，对难民海员可以考虑不必履行本协议规定的义不容辞的义务。在该难民海员向主管当局递交为自己辩护清楚的证据的情况下，应让他得到合理的停留时间，但有充分的证据证明该难民海员对其所在国的治安有危险时除外。
     （２）但是按本条第１款所做的决定，就其已发给旅行证的难民海员而言，不得免除该缔约国承担本协议第１１条为其规定的义务，但进入其领土的要求系由另一缔约国在该旅行证期满后至少１２０天向该缔约国提交者除外。
     第四章
     第１４条
     缔约国间关于执行本协议的解释的任何争端，凡通过其他方式不能予以解决者，在任一缔约国的要求下，应提交国际法院判决。
     第１５条
     本协议须经批准方可生效。批准文件应送交荷兰王国政府保存。
     第１６条
     本协议应在交存第８份批准文件之日后的第９０天生效。①
     ①本协议于１９６１年１２月２７日生效。
     第１７条
     （１）对难民海员承担公约第２８条所述义务或承担相应的义务的任何政府可以加入本协议。
     （２）加入文件应送交荷兰王国政府保存。
     （３）对于每个加入政府，本协议应在交存其加入文件之日后的第９０天生效，但不得早于第１６条规定的生效日期。
     第１８条
     （１）任何政府在批准或加入时或在此后的任何时间，可以声明本协议的适用范围应扩展到它负责其国际关系的任何领土，只要它已相应地承担了第１７条第（１）款所述义务。
     （２）这种扩展应以书面通知荷兰王国政府。
     （３）该扩展应在荷兰王国政府收到通知书之日后的第９０天生效，但不得早于第１６条所规定的生效日期。
     第１９条
     （１）各缔约国可随时以书面通知荷兰王国政府的方式退出本协议。
     （２）该退出应自荷兰王国政府收到退出通知书之日起一年后生效，但如某一缔约国已经退出本协议，任何其他缔约国经与其余缔约国协商后，可以退出本协议，退出生效日期可为同一天，但至少在六个月前通知退出。
     第２０条
     （１）已按第１８条提交通知书的缔约国，此后可随时向荷兰王国政府提交通知书，声明本协议不再适用于该通知书所列的领土。
     （２）本协议应自荷兰王国政府收到该通知书之日起一年后不再适用于有关领土。
     第２１条
     荷兰王国政府应将按第１５、第１７、第１８、第１９和第２０条交存的批准和加入文件以及退出通知书的情况通知序言所述政府和所有加入政府。
     本协议正本一份，用英文和法文写成，两种文本具有同等效力，正本应交荷兰王国政府档案馆保存。荷兰王国政府应将本协议核证无误的副本分发给序言所述各政府和所有加入政府。
     经正式授权的下列具名者特签署本协议，以昭信守。
     本协议于１９５７年１１月２３日订于海牙。
     签署国：比利时、丹麦、法国、德意志联邦共和国、大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国、荷兰、挪威、瑞典。
     批准国：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国（１９５８年８月９日），比利时（１９６０年５月１６日），丹麦（１９５９年９月２日），法国（１９６０年６月２０日），德意志联邦共和国（１９６１年９月２８日），荷兰（１９５９年８月２７日），挪威（１９５９年５月２８日），瑞典（１９５９年５月２８日）。
     加入国：摩纳哥（１９６０年４月１１日），摩洛哥（１９５９年５月２０日）。
     扩展领土：泽西、根西和马恩岛（１９５９年１０月１４日）；英属洪都拉斯、英属所罗门群岛保护领地、多米尼加、福克兰群岛、斐济、冈比亚、吉尔伯特和埃利斯群岛、格林纳达、毛里求斯、圣赫勒拿岛、圣文森特、塞舌尔（均为１９６１年７月２１日）。
     【名称】 AGREEMENT RELATING TO REFUGEE SEAMEN, THE HAGUE, NOVEMBER 23, 1957
     【题注】
     Whole document
    
     PREAMBLE
     The Governments of the Kingdom of Belgium, the Kingdom of Denmark, the
     French Republic, the Federal Republic of Germany, the United Kingdom of
     Great Britain and Norway and Northern Ireland the Kingdom of the
     Netherlands the Kingdom of Norway and the Kingdom of Sweden.
     Being Governments of States Parties to the Convention of July 28,
     1951, relating to the Status of Refugees,
     Desirous of making further progress towards a solution of the problem
     of refugee seamen in the spirit of Article 11 and of maintaining
     co-operation with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in the
     fulfilment of his functions, especially having regard to Article 35 of the
     above-mentioned Convention.
     Having agreed as follows:
    
     CHAPTER I
     Article 1
     For the purposes of this Agreement:
     (a) the term "Convention" shall apply to the Convention relating
     to the Status of Refugees of July 28, 1951;
     (b) the term "refugee seaman" shall apply to any person who, being
     a refugee according to the definition in Article 1 of the Convention and
     the declaration or notification made by the Contracting State concerned in
     accordance with Section B of that Article, is serving as a seafarer in
     any capacity on a mercantile ship, or habitually earns his living as a
     seafarer on such a ship.
    
     CHAPTER II
     Article 2
     A refugee seaman who is not lawfully staying in the territory of any
     State and who is not entitled to admission for the purpose of so staying
     to the territory of any State, other than a State where he has
     well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion,
     nationality, membership of a particular social group or political
     opinion, shall become entitled to be regarded, for the purpose of Article
     28 of the Convention, as lawfully staying in the territory--
     (a) of the Contracting Party under whose flag he, while a refugee,
     has served as a seafarer for a total of 600 days within the three years
     preceding the application of this Agreement to his case on ships calling
     at least twice a year at ports in that territory, provided that for the
     purposes of this paragraph no account shall be taken of any service
     performed while or before he had a residence established in the territory
     of another State;
     or, if there is no such Contracting Party,
     (b) of the Contracting Party where he, while a refugee, has had
     his last lawful residence in the three years preceding the application of
     this Agreement to his case, provided that he has not, in the meantime,
     had a residence established in the territory of another State.
     Article 3
     A refugee seaman who on the date when this Agreement enters into
     force--
     (i) is not lawfully staying in the territory of any State and is
     not entitled to admission for the purpose of so staying to the territory
     of any State, other than a State where he has well-founded fear of being
     persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a
     particular social group or political opinion and
     (ii) is not in accordance with Article 2 of this Agreement
     regarded as lawfully staying in the territory of a Contracting Party
     shall become entitled to be regarded, for the purpose of Article 28 of
     the Convention, as lawfully staying in the territory--
     (a) of the Contracting Party which after December 31, 1945, and
     before the entry into force of this Agreement last issued to, or extended
     or renewed for him, while a refugee, a travel document valid for return to
     that territory whether or not that document is still in force; or, if
     there is no such Contracting Party.
     (b) of the Contracting Party where he, while a refugee, after
     December 31, 1945, and before, the entry into force of this Agreement was
     last lawfully staying; or, if there is no such Contracting Party.
     (c) of the Contracting Party under whose flag he, while a refugee,
     after December 31, 1945, and before the entry into force of this
     Agreement last has served as a seafarer for a total of 600 days within any
     period of three years on ships calling at least twice a year at ports in
     that territory.
    
     Article 4
     Unless otherwise decided by the Contracting Party concerned, a refugee
     seamen will cease to be regarded as lawfully staying in the territory of a
     Contracting Party when he, after the date upon which he, in accordance
     with Article 2 or 3 of this Agreement, last became entitled to be so
     regarded--
     (a) has established his residence in the territory of another
     State, or
     (b) within any period of six years following that date, has been
     serving a total of 1 350 days on ships flying the flag of one other State,
     or
     (c) within any period of three years following that date, neither
     has served at least a total of 30 days as a seafarer on ships flying the
     flag of that Contracting Party and calling at least twice a year at ports
     in its territory nor has stayed for at least a total of ten days in the
     territory of that Party.
     Article 5
     For the purpose of improving the position of the greatest possible
     number of refugee seamen, a Contracting Party shall give sympathetic
     consideration to extending the benefits of this Agreement to refugee
     seamen who, according to its provisions, do not qualify for those
     benefits.
    
     CHAPTER III
     Article 6
     A Contracting Party shall grant to a refugee seaman in possession of a
     travel document issued by another Contracting Party and valid for return
     to the territory of that Contracting Party the same treatment as regards
     admission to its territory in pursuance of a previous arrangement to serve
     on a ship, or for shore-leave, as is granted to seafarers who are
     nationals of the last mentioned Party, or at least treatment not less
     favourable than is granted to alien seafarers generally.
     Article 7
     A Contracting Party shall give sympathetic consideration to a request
     for temporary admission to its territory by a refugee seaman who holds a
     travel document valid for return to the territory of another Contracting
     Party with a view to facilitating his establishment in another State or
     for other good reason.
     Article 8
     A Contracting Party shall endeavour to ensure that any refugee seaman
     who serves under its flag and cannot obtain a valid travel document is
     provided with identity papers.
     Article 9
     No refugee seaman shall be forced, as far as it is in the power of the
     Contracting Parties, to stay on board a ship if his physical or mental
     health would thereby be seriously endangered.
     Article 10
     No refugee seaman shall be forced, as far as it is in the power of the
     Contracting Parties, to stay on board a ship which is bound for a port,
     or is due to sail through waters, where he has well-founded fear of
     persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a
     particular social group or political opinion.
     Article 11
     The Contracting Party in the territory of which a refugee seaman is
     lawfully staying or, in accordance with this Agreement, is for the purpose
     of Article 28 of the Convention regarded as lawfully staying, shall admit
     him to its territory if so requested by the Contracting Party in whose
     territory that seaman finds himself.
     Article 12
     Nothing in this Agreement shall be deemed to impair any rights or
     benefits granted by a Contracting Party to refugee seamen apart from this
     Agreement.
    
     Article 13
     (1) A Contracting Party may, for compelling reasons of national
     security or public order, consider itself released from the obligations
     incumbent on it under this Agreement with regard to a refugee seaman. The
     refugee seaman in question shall be allowed such period as may be
     reasonable in the circumstances to submit to the competent authority
     evidence to clear himself, except where there are reasonable grounds for
     regarding the refugee seaman in question as a danger to the security of
     the country where he is.
     (2) A decision made in accordance with paragraph 1 of this Article
     does not, however, release the Contracting Party in question from its
     obligations under Article 11 of this Agreement with respect to a refugee
     seaman to whom it has issued a travel document, unless the request for
     admission to its territory is presented to that Party by another
     Contracting Party more than 120 days after the expiration of that travel
     document.
    
     CHAPTER IV
     Article 14
     Any dispute between the Contracting Parties relating to the
     interpretation on application of this Agreement. which cannot be settled
     by other means. shall be referred to the International Court of Justice at
     the request of any one of the parties to the dispute.
     Article 15
     This Agreement shall be subject to ratification. Instruments of
     ratification shall be deposited with the Government of the Kingdom of the
     Netherlands.
     Article 16
     This Agreement shall come into force on the 90th day following the day
     of deposit of the eight instrument of ratification.①
     [ ① The Agreement entered into force on December 27, 1961.]
     Article 17
     (1) Any Government which undertakes obligations with respect to
     refugee seamen under Article 28 of the Convention or obligations
     corresponding thereto may accede to this Agreement.
     (2) Instruments of accession shall be deposited with the Government of
     the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
     (3) This Agreement shall come into force with respect to each acceding
     Government on the 90th day following the day upon which its instrument of
     accession was deposited, but not before the date of entry into force as
     defined in Article 16.
     Article 18
     (1) Any Government may, at the time of ratification or accession or at
     any time thereafter, declare that this Agreement shall extend to any
     territory or territories for the international relations of which it is
     responsible. provided that it has undertaken in relation thereto such
     obligations as are mentioned in paragraph (1) of Article 17.
     (2) Such extension shall be made by a notification addressed to the
     Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
     (3) The extension shall take effect on the 90th day following the day
     upon which the notification was received by the Government of the Kingdom
     of the Netherlands, but not before the date of entry into force as defined
     in Article 16.
    
     Article 19
     (1) A Contracting Party may denounce this Agreement at any time by a
     notification addressed to the Government of the Kingdom of the
     Netherlands.
     (2) The denunciation shall take effect one year from the date upon
     which the notification was received by the Government of the Kingdom of
     the Netherlands, provided that where the Agreement has been denounced by a
     Contracting Party, any other Contracting Party after consulting the
     remaining Parties, may denounce the Agreement with effect from the same
     date, so however that not less than six months^ notice is given.
     Article 20
     (1) A Contracting Party which has made a notification under Article 18
     may, at any time thereafter, by a notification addressed to the Government
     of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, declare that the Agreement shall cease
     to apply to the territory or territories specified in the notification.
     (2) The Agreement shall cease to apply to the territory concerned one
     year from the date upon which the notification was received by the
     Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
     Article 21
     The Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands shall inform the
     Governments mentioned in the Preamble and all acceding Governments of
     deposits and notifications made in accordance with Articles 15, 17, 18, 19
     and 20.
     IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, duly authorised to that effect,
     have signed this Agreement.
     DONE AT THE HAGUE, this twenty-third day of November 1957, in the
     English and French languages, both texts being equally authoritative, in a
     single copy which shall remain deposited in the archives of the Government
     of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which shall transmit certified true
     copies thereof to the Governments mentioned in the Preamble and all
     acceding Governments.
     Signatories: Belgium, Denmark, France, Federal Republic of Germany,
     United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Netherlands, Norway,
     Sweden.
     Ratifications: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
     August 9, 1958; Belgium, May 16, 1960; Denmark, September 2, 1959;
     France, June 20, 1960; Federal Republic of Germany, September 28, 1961;
     Netherlands August 27, 1959; Norway, May 28, 1959; Sweden, May 28, 1959.
     Accessions: Monaco, April 11, 1960; Morocco, May 20, 1959.
     Extensions: Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man, October 14, 1959;
     British Honduras, British Solomon Islands, Protectorate, Dominica,
     Falkland Islands, Fiji, Gambia, Gilbert and Ellice Islands, Grenada,
     Jamaica, Mauritius, St. Helena, St. Vincent, Seychelles, all July 21,
     1961.