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商船船长和高级船员业务能力最低要求公约(附英文)
 
    【标        题】 商船船长和高级船员业务能力最低要求公约(附英文)
    【颁布单位】
    【颁布日期】 1936-10-24
    【实施日期】 1939-03-29
    【有 效 性】 有效
    
    全文
     国际劳工组织全体大会，
     经国际劳工局理事会召集于１９３６年１０月６日在日内瓦举行第２１届会议，
     经议决采纳本届大会议程第４项关于每一海运国家制定商船船长、值班驾驶员和轮机员业务能力最低要求的若干提议，
     经决定这些提议应采取国际公约的方式，
     于１９３６年１０月２４日通过下述公约，此公约得称为《１９３６年高级船员资格证书公约》。
     第１条
     １．本公约适用于在本公约对其生效的领土上登记的且从事海上航行的一切船舶，但下述船舶除外：
     （ａ）军舰；
     （ｂ）政府的船舶或为政府机关服务的船舶，但以非从事于贸易者为限；
     （ｃ）粗糙木船，诸如独桅三角帆船和舢板。
     ２．国家法律或条例可以对总登记吨位未满２００吨的船舶准予例外或免除。
     第２条
    本公约所用下列各名词的定义如下：
     （ａ）“船长”系指指挥或掌管船舶的任何人员；
     （ｂ）“值班驾驶员”系指当时实际负责船舶驾驶或操纵的任何人员，但引航员除外；
     （ｃ）“轮机长”系指永久负责船舶机械推进装置工作的任何人员；
     （ｄ）“值班轮机员”系指当时实际负责管理船舶机械的任何人员。
     第３条
     １．任何人员不得在本公约适用的任何船舶上受雇担任船长、值班驾驶员、轮机长或值班轮机员的职务，除非他持有船舶登记领土上的政府机关颁发或认可的担任这种职务的资格证书。
     ２．只有在不可抗拒的情况下，才容许本条的规定有例外。
     第４条
     １．任何人员不得授予资格证书，除非他：
     （ａ）已达到为发给该证书所规定的最低年龄；
     （ｂ）已具有为发给该证书所规定的最短期限的职业经历；
     （ｃ）已通过主管机关组织和监督的考试，这种考试旨在测验他是否具备担任与其请求的
     证书相符的职务所必需的资格。
     ２．国家法律或条例应：
     （ａ）规定每级资格证书的候选人已经达到的最低年龄和已经完成的最短期限的职业经
     历；
     （ｂ）规定主管机关组织并监督一次或数次考试，这种考试旨在测验资格证书的候选人是
     否具备担任与其请求的证书相符的职务所必需的资格。
     ３．国际劳工组织的任何会员国，在自其批准本公约之日起３年内，对于曾参加依照本条第２（ｂ）款所组织的考试而未及格的下列人员，可以发给资格证书：
     （ａ）对于与该资格证书相符的职务，实际上已具有足够的实际经历者；
     （ｂ）未有任何严重技术错误的记录者。
     第５条
     １．批准本公约的每一会员国应通过有效的检查制度保证本公约的适当实施。
     ２．国家法律或条例应规定，在何种情况下，某一会员国的当局可以扣留在其领土上登记而违反本公约条款的船舶。
     ３．已批准本公约的某一会员国的当局，当其发现在已批准本公约的另一会员国领土上登记的船舶违反本公约的条款时，应通知登记该船舶的会员国的领事。
     第６条
     １．国家法律或条例，对于不遵守本公约条款的情况，应规定处罚或惩戒性措施。
     ２．尤其应为下述情况规定此种处罚或惩戒性措施：
    （ａ）如果船东、船东代理、船长雇用了未持有本公约所要求的证书的人员；
     （ｂ）如果船长已允许未持有相应或胜任证书的人员履行本公约第２条限定的任何职责；
     （ｃ）如果某人员未持有必要的证书而通过诈骗或伪造的文件已获准履行第２条限定的
     任何职责。
     第７条
     １．就国际劳工组织章程第３５条所述领土而言，批准本公约的本组织各会员国应在其批准书上附加一份宣言，声明：
     （ａ）它对哪些领土保证无须修改便可执行本公约各规定；
     （ｂ）它对哪些领土保证执行本公约各规定，但须修改；以及修改的细节情况；
     （ｃ）本公约对哪些领土不适用以及不适用的理由；
     （ｄ）它对哪些领土保留其决定。
     ２．本条第１款（ａ）和（ｂ）所述许诺应被视为批准书的组成部分并应具有批准书的效力。
     ３．依照本条第１款（ｂ）、（ｃ）或（ｄ）各小款规定，任何会员国可以随后的宣言全部或部分取消其原宣言中所做的任何保留。
     第８条
     本公约的正式批准书应送请国际劳工局局长登记。
     第９条
     １．本公约应仅对其批准书已经局长登记的国际劳工组织各会员国有约束力。
     ２．本公约应自两会员国的批准书已经局长登记之日起１２个月后生效。
     ３．此后，对于任何会员国，本公约应自其批准书已经登记之日起１２个月后生效。
     第１０条
     国际劳工组织两会员国的批准书一被登记，国际劳工局局长就应将此通知国际劳工组织所有会员国。他也应通知它们本组织其他会员国随后可能送达的批准书的登记情况。
     第１１条
     １．凡已批准本公约的会员国，自本公约初次生效之日起满１０年后，可向国际劳工局局长通知解约，并请其登记。此项解约通知书自登记之日起满１年后始得生效。
     ２．凡已批准本公约的会员国，在前款所述１０年期满后的１年内，如未行使本条所规定的解约权利，即须再遵守１０年。此后每当１０年期满，可依本条的规定通知解约。
     第１２条
     国际劳工局理事会在其认为必要时，应将本公约的实施情况向大会提出报告，并审查应否将本公约的全部或局部修正问题列入大会议程。
     第１３条
     １．如大会通过一项对本公约作全部或局部修正的新公约，除该新公约另有规定外，则：
     （ａ）在新修正公约生效时，尽管有上述第１１条规定，会员国对于新修正公约的批准，依
     法应为对本公约的立即解除；
     （ｂ）自新修正公约生效之日起，本公约应即停止接受会员国的批准。
     ２．对于已批准本公约而未批准新修正公约的会员国，本公约现有的形式及内容，在任何情况下，仍应有效。
     第１４条
     本公约的法文本与英文本同等为准。
     【名称】 CONVENTION No. 53 Convention concerning the Minimum Requirement ofProfessional Capacity for Masters and Officers on Board Merchant ships
     【题注】 [Date of coming into force: 29 March 1939.]
     Whole document
     The General Conference of the International Labour Organization,
     Having been convened at Geneva by the Governing Body of the
     International Labour Office, and having met in its Twenty-first Session
     on 6 October 1936, and
     Having decided upon the adoption of certain proposals with regard to
     the establishment by each maritime country of a minimum requirement of
     professional capacity in the case of captain, navigating and engineer
     officers in charge of watches on board merchant ships, which is the fourth
     item on the agenda of the Session, and
     Having determined that these proposals shall take the form of an
     international Convention, adopts this twenty-fourth day of October of the
     year one thousand nine hundred and thirty-six the following Convention,
     which may be cited as the Officers^ Competency Certificates Convention,
     1936:
     Article 1
     1. This Convention applies to all vessels registered in a territory
     for which this Convention is in force and engaged in maritime navigation
     with the exception of--
     (a) ships of war;
     (b) Government vessels, or vessels in the service of a public
     authority, which are not engaged in trade;
     (c) wooden ships of primitive build such as dhows and junks.
     2. National laws or regulations may grant exceptions or exemptions in
     respect of vessels of less than 200 tons gross registered tonnage.
     Article 2
     For the purpose of this Convention the following expressions have the
     meanings hereby assigned to them:
     (a) "master or skipper" means any person having command or charge
     of a vessel;
     (b) "navigating officer in charge of a watch" means any person,
     other than a pilot, who is for the time being actually in charge of the
     navigation or manoeuvring of a vessel;
     (c) "chief engineer" means any person permanently responsible for
     the mechanical propulsion of a vessel;
     (d) "engineer officer in charge of a watch" means any person who
     is for the time being actually in charge of the running of a vessel^s
     engines.
     Article 3
     1. No person shall be engaged to perform or shall perform on board any
     vessel to which this Convention applies the duties of master or skipper,
     navigating officer in charge of a watch, chief engineer, or engineer
     officer in charge of a watch, unless he holds a certificate of competency
     to perform such duties, issued or approved by the public authority of the
     territory where the vessel is registered.
     2. Exceptions to the provisions of this Article may be made only in
     cases of force majeure.
    
     Article 4
     1. No person shall be granted a certificate of competency unless--
     (a) he has reached the minimum age prescribed for the issue of the
     certificate in question;
     (b) his professional experience has been of the minimum duration
     prescribed for the issue of the certificate in question; and
     (c) he has passed the examinations organized and supervised by the
     competent authority for the purpose of testing whether he possesses the
     qualifications necessary for performing the duties corresponding to the
     certificate for which he is a candidate.
     2. National laws or regulations shall--
     (a) prescribe a minimum age to have been attained by and a minimum
     period of professional experience to have been completed by candidates for
     each grade of competency certificate;
     (b) provide for the organization and supervision by the competent
     authority of one or more examinations for the purpose of testing whether
     candidates for competency certificates possess the qualifications
     necessary for performing the duties corresponding to the certificates for
     which they are candidates.
     3. Any Member of the Organization may, during a period of three years
     form the date of its ratification, issue competency certificates to
     persons who have not passed the examinations organized in virtue of
     paragraph 2 (b) of this Article who--
     (a) have in fact had sufficient practical experience of the duties
     corresponding to the certificate in question; and
     (b) have no record of any serious technical error against them.
     Article 5
     1. Each Member which ratifies this Convention shall ensure its due
     enforcement by an efficient system of inspection.
     2. National laws or regulations shall provide for the cases in which
     the authorities of a Member may detain vessels registered in its territory
     on account of a breach of the provisions of this Convention.
     3. Where the authorities of a Member which has ratified this
     Convention find a breach of its provisions on a vessel registered in the
     territory of another Member which has also ratified the Convention, the
     said authorities shall communicate with the consul of the Member in the
     territory of which the vessel is registered.
    
     Article 6
     1. National laws or regulations shall prescribe penalties or
     disciplinary measures for cases in which the provisions of this Convention
     are not respected.
     2. In particular, such penalties or disciplinary measures shall be
     prescribed for cases in which--
     (a) a shipowner, shipowner^s agent, master or skipper has engaged
     a person not certificated as required by this Convention;
     (b) a master or skipper has allowed any of the duties defined in
     Article 2 of this Convention to be performed by a person not holding the
     corresponding or a superior certificate;
     (c) a person has obtained by fraud or forged documents an
     engagement to perform any of the duties defined in the said Article 2
     without holding the requisite certificate.
     Article 7
     1. In respect of the territories referred to in article 35 of the
     Constitution of the International Labour Organization, each Member of the
     Organization which ratifies this Convention shall append to its
     ratification a declaration stating--
     (a) the territories in respect of which it undertakes to apply the
     provisions of the Convention without modification;
     (b) the territories in respect of which it undertakes to apply the
     provisions of the Convention subject to modifications, together with
     details of the said modifications;
     (c) the territories in respect of which the Convention is
     inapplicable and in such cases the grounds on which it is inapplicable;
     (d) the territories in respect of which it reserves its decision.
     2. The undertakings referred to in subparagraphs (a) and (b) of
     paragraph 1 of this Article shall be deemed to be an integral part of the
     ratification and shall have the force of ratification.
     3. Any Member may be a subsequent declaration cancel in whole or in
     part any reservations made in its original declaration in virtue of
     subparagraphs (b), (c) or (d) of paragraph 1 of this Article.
     Article 8
     The formal ratifications of this Convention shall be communicated to
     the Director-General of the International Labour Office for registration.
    
     Article 9
     1. This Convention shall be binding only upon those Members of the
     International Labour Organization whose ratifications have been registered
     with the Director-General.
     2. It shall come into force twelve months after the date on which the
     ratifications of two Members have been registered with the
     Director-General.
     3. Thereafter, this Convention shall come into force for any Member
     twelve months after the date on which its ratification has been
     registered.
     Article 10
     As soon as the ratifications of two Members of the International
     Labour Organization have been registered, the Director-General of the
     International Labour Office shall so notify all the Members of the
     International Labour Organization. He shall likewise notify them of the
     registration of ratifications which may be communicated subsequently by
     other Members of the Organization.
     Article 11
     1. A Member which has ratified this Convention may denounce it after
     the expiration of ten years from the date on which the Convention first
    comes into force, by an act communicated to the Director-General of the
     International Labour Office for registration. Such denunciation shall not
     take effect until one year after the date on which it is registered.
     2. Each Member which has ratified this Convention and which does not,
     within the year following the expiration of the period of ten years
     mentioned in the preceding paragraph, exercise the right of denunciation
     provided for in this Article, will be bound for another period of ten
     years and, thereafter, may denounce this Convention at the expiration of
     each period of ten years under the terms provided for in this Article.
     Article 12
     At such times as it may consider necessary the Governing Body of the
     International Labour Office shall present to the General Conference a
     report on the working of this Convention and shall examine the
     desirability of placing on the agenda of the Conference the question of
     its revision in whole or in part.
    
     Article 13
     1. Should the Conference adopt a new Convention revising this
     Convention in whole or in part, then, unless the new Convention otherwise
     provides,
     (a) the ratification by a Member of the new revising Convention
     shall ipso jure involve the immediate denunciation of this Convention,
     notwithstanding the provisions of Article 11 above, if and when the new
     revising Convention shall have come into force;
     (b) as from the date when the new revising Convention comes into
     force, this Convention shall cease to be open to ratification by the
     Members.
     2. This Convention shall in any case remain in force in its actual
     form and content for those Members which have ratified it but have not
     ratified the revising Convention.
     Article 14
     The French and English texts of this Convention shall both be
     authentic.