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1971年海上核材料运输民事责任公约(附英文)
〖生效日期〗1975.07.15
〖有效期限〗
〖失效日期〗
〖颁布日期〗1971.11.29
〖签订地点〗 布鲁塞尔
〖正文〗     简介
    本公约是在原政府间海事协商组织，国际原子能机构和经济合作与发展组织下属的欧洲核能机构所作出的决定及采取的协作措施的基础上，于１９７１年１１月２９日至１２月２日在布鲁塞尔召开的海上核材料运输的国际法律会议上通过，１９７５年７月１５日生效。参加本公约的国家有：阿根廷、丹麦、法国、加蓬、德国、意大利、利比里亚、挪威、西班牙、瑞典、也门、比利时、芬兰、荷兰等。
     全文
    各缔约国，
    考虑到１９６０年７月２９日核能领域中第三方责任巴黎公约及其１９６４年１月２８日的补充议定书（下称“巴黎公约”），以及１９６３年５月２１日核损害民事责任维也纳公约（下称“维也纳公约”）中规定，在上述公约所适用的海上核材料运输过程中出现的核事故造成核损害时，核装置经营人应对此损害负责，
    考虑到某些国家实施的国内法中存在类似的规定，
    考虑到以前海上运输领域的国际公约的适用仍然保持，
    希望确保海上核材料运输过程中引起的核事故所造成的损害仅由核装置经营人负责，
    达成协议如下：
    第１条
    依据海上运输领域适用的国际公约或国内法的规定，对核事故造成的损害可能负责的任何人，在下列情况下，应免除此种责任：
    （ａ）依据巴黎公约或维也纳公约，核装置经营人对此种损害负责；或者
    （ｂ）依据制约此种损害责任的国内法，核装置经营人应对此种损害负责，假如这种法律在各方面同巴黎公约或维也纳公约一样有利于可能遭受损害的人。
    第２条
    第１条中规定的免责，亦应适用于下列核事故造成的损害：
    （ａ）对核装置本身或在其现场与该装置有关的已使用或将被使用的任何财产造成的损害，或者
    （ｂ）在核事故发生时对载有有关核材料的运输工具造成的损害。
    因为核装置经营人对此种损害的赔偿责任，依据巴黎公约或维也纳公约的规定，或在第１条（ｂ）款的情况下，依据该款所述的国内法中同样的规定而被免除，故他对此种损害不负赔偿责任。
    ２．但是，本条第１款的规定，并不影响任何人对有意造成损害的行为或不为引起的损害，所应承担的责任。
    第３条
    本公约的任何规定，不影响核动力船舶经营人对有关该船的核燃料或放射性产物或产生的废料的核事故引起的损害所承担的赔偿责任。
    第４条
    本公约将取代在其开放供签字期间，已生效或处于开放供签字、批准或加入状态的任何海上运输的国际公约，但以与本公约相抵触的为限。但是，本条的规定，不影响本公约缔约国对非缔约国根据此种国际公约所承担的义务。
    第５条
    本公约在１９７２年１２月３１日之前，在布鲁塞尔开放供签字，并在政府间海事协商组织（下称“本组织”）总部伦敦继续开放供签字。此后继续开放供加入。
    ２．联合国或其任何专门机构或国际原子能机构的成员国，或国际法院规约的参加国，可通过下列方式成为本公约参加国：
    （ａ）签字并对批准、接受或核准不作保留；
    （ｂ）签字而有待批准，接受或核准，并随后批准，接受或核准，或者
    （ｃ）加入。
    ３．批准、接受、核准或加入本公约，应向本组织秘书长提交一份相应的正式文件。
    第６条
    １．本公约自五个国家在公约上签字并对批准、接受或核准不作保留，或者向本组织秘书长提交批准、接受、核准或加入书之日起，九十天后生效。
    ２．对此后签署本公约并对批准、接受或核准不作保留，或提交批准、接受、核准或加入书的任何国家，本公约应自此种签署或文件提交之日起，九十天后生效。
    第７条
    １．任何缔约国可在本公约对其生效之日后的任何时候，退出本公约。
    ２．退出本公约，应向本组织秘书长提交一份相应的书面通知。
    ３．退出本公约，应自本组织秘书长收到该通知起一年后，或该通知中规定的更长期限后生效。
    ４．尽管某一缔约国依照本条规定退出本公约，但对在退出生效以前发生的核事故造成的任何损害，本公约的规定仍然适用。
    第８条
    １．联合国对其有权管辖的地域，或者本公约的任何缔约国对由其负责国际关系的领土，可在任何时候书面通知本组织秘书长，声明本公约扩大适用于此种领土。
    ２．本公约自本组织秘书长收到此种通知之日，或者该通知中规定的其他日期起，扩大适用于通知中指明的领土。
    ３．按本条第１款规定作出声明的联合国或任何缔约国，可在本公约扩大适用于上述领土之后的任何时候，书面通知组织秘书长，声明本公约终止对通知中指明的领土的适用。
    第９条
    １．修订或修正本公约的会议，可由本组织召开。
    ２．经不少于三分之一的缔约国要求，本组织应召开本公约缔约国会议，对本公约进行修订或修正。
    第１０条
    缔约国可以对和巴黎公约或维也纳公约有效作出的保留相对应的部分作出保留。保留可在签署、批准、接受、核准或加入时作出。
    第１１条
    １．本公约应由本组织秘书长保管。
    ２．本组织秘书长应当
    （ａ）将下述情况通知已签署或加入本公约所有国家：
      （ｉ）本公约每一新的签署和每一文件的交存及其日期；
      （ｉｉ）按照本公约作出的任何保留；
      （ｉｉｉ）本公约的生效日期；
     （ｉｖ）任何本公约的退出及其生效日期；
      （ｖ）按本公约第８条第１款规定对任何地域的扩大适用，和按该条第４款规定对上述地域扩大适用的终止，以及本公约扩大与扩大终止的日期。
    （ｂ）将经核证无误的本公约副本分送所有签字国和已加入本公约的国家。
    ３．本公约一经生效，本组织秘书长应根据联合国宪章第１０２条规定，将一份经核证无误的副本送交联合国秘书处，供登记和公布。
    第１２条
    本公约正本一份，用英文和法文写成，两种文本具有同等效力。本组织秘书处应备妥俄文和西班牙文正式译本，并同经签署的正本一并保管。
    下列署名者，经各自政府正式授权，签署本公约，以昭信守。
    １９７１年１２月１７日订于布鲁塞尔。
      CONVENTION RELATING TO CIVIL LIABILITY IN THE FIELD OF MARITIMECARRIAGE OF NUCLEAR MATERIAL, 1971
   
     Whole document
 
    THE HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES,
    CONSIDERING that the Paris Convention of July 29, 1960 on Third Party
Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy and its Additional Protocol of
January 28, 1964 (hereinafter referred to as "the Paris Convention") and
the Vienna Convention of May 21, 1963 on Civil Liability for Nuclear
Damage (hereinafter referred to as "the Vienna Convention") provide that,
in the case of damage caused by a nuclear incident occurring in the
course of maritime carriage of nuclear material covered by such
Conventions, the operator of a nuclear installation is the person liable
for such damage,
    CONSIDERING that similar provisions exist in the national law in force
in certain States,
    CONSIDERING that the application of any preceding international
Convention in the field of maritime transport is however maintained,
    DESIROUS of ensuring that the operator of a nuclear installation will
be exclusively liable for damage caused by a nuclear incident occurring in
the course of maritime carriage of nuclear material,
    HAVE AGREED as follows:
Article 1
    Any person who by virtue of an international convention or national
law applicable in the field of maritime transport might be held liable for
damage caused by a nuclear incident shall be exonerated from such
liability:
        (a) if the operator of a nuclear installation is liable for such
damage under either the Paris or the Vienna Convention, or
        (b) if the operator of a nuclear installation is liable for such
damage by virtue of a national law governing the liability for such
damage, provided that such law is in all respects as favourable to persons
who may suffer damage as either the Paris or the Vienna Convention.
Article 2
    1. The exoneration provided for in Article 1 shall also apply in
respect of damage caused by a nuclear incident:
        (a) to the nuclear installation itself or to any property on the
site of that installation which is used or to be used in connexion with
that installation, or
        (b) to the means of transport upon which the nuclear material
involved was at the time of the nuclear incident.
    For which the operator of the nuclear installation is not liable
because his liability for such damage has been excluded pursuant to the
provisions of either the Paris or the Vienna Convention, or, in cases
referred to in Article 1(b), by equivalent provisions of the national law
referred to therein.
    2. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall not, however, affect the
liability of any individual who has caused the damage by an act or
omission done with intent to cause damage.
 
Article 3
    No provision of the present Convention shall affect the liability of
the operator of a nuclear ship in respect of damage caused by a nuclear
incident involving the nuclear fuel of or radioactive products or waste
produced in such ship.
Article 4
    The present Convention shall supersede any international Conventions
in the field of maritime transport which, at the date on which the present
Convention is opened for signature, are in force or open for signature,
ratification or accession but only to the extent that such Conventions
would be in conflict with it, however, nothing in this Article shall
affect the obligations of the Contracting Parties to the present
Convention to non-Contracting States arising under such international
Conventions.
Article 5
    1. The present Convention shall be opened for signature in Brussels
and shall remain open for signature in London at the Headquarters of the
Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization (hereinafter
referred to as "the Organization") until December 31, 1972 and shall
thereafter remain open for accession.
    2. States Members of the United Nations or any of the Specialized
Agencies or of the International Atomic Energy Agency or Parties to the
Statute of the International Court of Justice may become Parties to the
present Convention by;
        (a) signature without reservation as to ratification, acceptance
or approval;
        (b) signature subject to ratification, acceptance or approval
followed by ratification, acceptance or approval; or
        ? accession.
    3. Ratification, acceptance, approval or accession shall be effected
by the deposit of a formal instrument to that effect with the
Secretary-General of the Organization.
Article 6
    1. The present Convention shall enter into force on the ninetieth day
following the date on which five States have either signed it without
reservation as to ratification, acceptance or approval or have deposited
instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession with the
Secretary-General of the Organization.
    2. For any State which subsequently signs the present Convention
without reservation as to ratification, acceptance or approval, or
deposits its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or
accession, the Convention shall come into force on the ninetieth day after
the date of such signature or deposit.
 
Article 7
    1. The present Convention may be denounced by any Contracting Party to
it at any time after the date on which the Convention comes into force for
that State.
    2. Denunciation shall be effected by a notification in writing
delivered to the Secretary-General of the Organization.
    3. A denunciation shall take effect one year, or such longer period as
may be specified in the notification, after its receipt by the
Secretary-General of the Organization.
    4. Notwithstanding a denunciation by a Contracting Party pursuant to
this Article the provisions of the present Convention shall continue to
apply to any damage caused by a nuclear incident occurring before the
denunciation takes effect.
Article 8
    1. The United Nations where it is the administering authority for a
territory, or any Contracting Party to the present Convention responsible
for the international relations of a territory, may at any time by
notification in writing to the Secretary-General of the Organization
declare that the present Convention shall, extend to such territory.
    2. The present Convention shall from the date of receipt of the
notification or from such other date as may be specified in the
notification, extend to the territory named therein.
    3. The United Nations or any Contracting Party which had made a
declaration under paragraph 1 of this Article may at any time after the
date on which the Convention has been so extended to any territory declare
by notification in writing to the Secretary-General of the Organization
that the present Convention shall cease to extend to any such territory
named in the notification.
    4. The present Convention shall cease to extend to any territory
mentioned in such notification one year, or such longer period as may be
specified therein, after the date of receipt of the notification by the
Secretary-General of the Organization.
Article 9
    1. A Conference for the purpose of revising or amending the present
Convention may be convened by the Organization.
    2. The Organization shall convene a Conference of the Contracting
Parties to the present Convention for revising or amending it at the
request of not less than one-third of the Contracting Parties.
Article 10
    A Contracting Party may make reservations corresponding to those which
it has validly made to the Paris or Vienna Convention. A reservation may
be made at the time of signature, ratification, acceptance, approval or
accession.
 
Article 11
    1. The present Convention shall be deposited with the
Secretary-General of the Organization.
    2. The Secretary-General of the Organization shall:
        (a) inform all States which have signed or acceded to the present
Convention of:
            (i) each new signature and each deposit of an instrument
together with the date thereof;
            (ii) any reservation made in conformity with the present
Convention;
            (iii) the date of entry into force of the present Convention;
            (iv) any denunciation of the present Convention and the date
on which it takes effect;
            (v) the extension of the present Convention to any territory
under paragraph 1 of Article 8 and of the termination of any such
extension under the provisions of paragraph 4 of that Article stating in
each case the date on which the present Convention has been or will cease
to be so extended;
        (b) transmit certified true copies of the present Convention to
all Signatory States and to all States which have acceded to the present
Convention.
    3. As soon as the present Convention comes into force, a certified
true copy thereof shall be transmitted by the Secretary-General of the
Organization to the Secretariat of the United Nations for registration and
publication in accordance with Article 102 of the Charter of the United
Nations.
Article 12
    The present Convention is established in a single original in the
English and French languages, both texts being equally authentic.
Official translations in the Russian and Spanish languages shall be
prepared by the Secretariat of the Organization and deposited with the
signed original.
    IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned being duly authorized by their
respective Governments for that purpose have signed the present
Convention.
    DONE at Brussels this seventeenth day of December 1971.