经验分享 | 船舶过巴拿马运河的注意事项
由于有些航运同仁没有走过巴拿马运河,初次去难免有些没把握,不知道需要准备哪些文件资料和准备工作重点,因此向大家分享一下几次过河经验和相关注意事项,内容仅供参考!
1. 巴拿马简要介绍
巴拿马运河(英语:Panama Canal;西班牙语:Canal de Panama)位于中美洲国家巴拿马,横穿巴拿马地峡,连接太平洋和大西洋,是重要的航运要道,巴拿马运河由美国建造完成,1914年开始通航。现由巴拿马共和国拥有和管理,属于水闸式运河。
现巴拿马运河有2种过运河方式供选择,即过旧闸和新闸。
1).旧闸Panamax Locks:1914年开始运行的原始船闸,船闸长 304.8米宽32.3米深度12.8米。从北到南共6道闸,可简单记忆为“3+1+2”,呈中高两低水位态势,即从大西洋侧驶入前3道闸(Gatun Locks),在Gatun 湖和航道航行约2-3小时后,再途径1道闸(Pedro Miguel Locks)后,最后再过2道闸(Miraflores Locks) 驶入太平洋。通常可被当局接受通行的商船最大尺寸为: 船长294.13米, 船宽32.31米,限水尺是12.04米(热带淡水密度0.9954)。
2). 新闸Neopanamax Locks:2016年6月26日扩建后的运河船闸长427米,宽55米,深18.3米。从北到南共6道闸,可简单记忆为“3+3”,从大西洋侧驶入前3道闸(Agua Clara Locks),过完Gatun湖后,再过3道闸(Cocoli Locks) 驶入太平洋。通常可被当局接受通行的商船最大尺寸为: 船长367.28米, 船宽51.25米,限水尺是15.24米(热带淡水密度0.9954)。
2.过河前港口文件
1)VUMPA - ELECTRONIC PRE-ARRIVAL 120HRS PRIOR ARRIVAL 简单一句话:尽可能早(120小时以上)的递交电子预到达声明,日后再补全修正信息。
The Pre-Arrival declaration must be submitted into VUMPA – Panama Maritime Marine Portal 120hrs prior vessel arrival。当局要求的相关文件在到港前由船舶代理上传到当局系统,Pre arrival information的有效提供关系到是否允许过河,在可行情况下,可以发送预计性数据给代理,为了符合96HRS截止时间,最终数据可以在离开上一个港后发送给代理。Color Red – Preliminary and Arrival Questionnaire;Color Yellow – Panama Canal Forms for docking or Transit。
注:电子PRE-ARRIVAL和过巴拿马相关文件获取,可后根据文末关键词在台回复获取下载链接。
2)过河船舶需要准备以下文件
按照代理要求提前准备,按照部门要求打印分类准备好!
2.1过运河船舶 Transit Vessel
• Vaccination List
• Bonded Stores
• Crew effects List
• Narcotics list ( if not please send nil List)
• Ships store
• Waste disposal ( receipt or prove where and went disposal landed)
• Last port of clearance (on color copy)
• Copy of Stowage Plan
2.2附加文件-靠泊时Additional Documents for ships berthing/docking
• IMO Crew List signed and stamped.
• Ship’s Registry
• Ship’s Particulars
• AMP Annual taxes (Panama Flag Only)
• Radio License Certificate (Panama Flag only)
2.3到港打印文件For Panama Canal Authority - Quarantine Boarding Officer (Printed copies on arrival)
重点:必查的文件,所有资料和文件打印备妥;
• Ship Information Quarantine Declaration SIQD (1 copy) (excel attached)
• Stowage plan (cbm)
• Crew List
• Last Port of Calls
• Last Port State Control
• Copy ITC-1969
• Copy ILL-1966
• Copy of Pilot Portable Unit Antenna Location
• Any additional document will be on Canal inspector discretion.
2.4首次过运河要求文件For initial transit Requirement Documents (Electric Formats)
要点:首次过运河船一定提前发送以下证书和电子图纸资料,尤其是船上网络受限船,避免延误过河!非首次过河船无需再发送!
首次过运河要求:The following documents are mandatory for the initial transit of the Panama Canal. They must be provided in electronic format (i.e. WORD, EXCEL, PDF, TIFF, JPEG to the ACP at least 96 hours prior to arrival.)
2.4.1)船舶证书方面:
• International Tonnage Certificate
• PC/UMS Documentation of Total Volume (suitable substitute)
• Volume Calculations (if available)
• Suez Canal Certificate (if available)
• Load Line Certificate (if multiple load lines exist, provide the one with the least freeboard)
• Pilot Card (vessel speed and general information)
• Ship Particulars
• Certificate of Registry
• Ship Classification Certificate
• Minimum Crew Safe Manning Certificate
• International Sewage Pollution Prevention Certificate
• Passenger Ship Safety Certificate – Form P (passenger vessels only)
• International Oil Pollution Prevention Certificate
• Certificate of Fitness (for tank vessels)
2.4.2)船舶图纸方面:
图纸要求DIAGRAMS -The following drawings (plans) shall be provided in PDF of AUTOCAD format only, in one plan (not in sections), in order to allow for precise calculations:
• General Arrangement Plan
• Capacity Plan with deadweight scale
• Mid-ship Section Plan
• Lines Plan
• Shell Expansion Plan
• Docking Plan
•Trim and stability booklet or hydrostatic information (summer loaded figures at zero trim for extreme draft, displacement, deadweight and tons of immersion)
• Container Loading or Stowage Plan when fully loaded (full container vessels only)
• Cargo Securing Manual (full container vessels only – all pages regarding container information above and below deck and all combinations available)
注意:所有文件必须真实有效,高质量且完整,邮件标题应注明船名,IMO以及SIN如果有的话。以上文件必须在到达巴拿马水域前96小时递交到Arqueadores@pancanal.com and ACP-Shipplans@pancanal.com 邮箱。
3)遵守巴拿马运河规则
3.1. 能见度要求VISIBILITY
简单一句话盲区距离不超过2倍船长!空载状态时,绝大多数船需要货舱压水才能满足要求!
According latest advisory A-36-2016 of Panama Canal Authority issued on June 21st, 2016 the minimum ACP visibility is 2.0 ship length in laden condition and ballast condition, calling / transiting at port facilities in Canal Waters the view of the water surface from any conning position in the navigation bridge shall not be obscured by more than two (2) ships length forward of the bow, or 500 meter, whichever is less, under all conditions of draft and trim.
3.2.递交“Blind Distance Declaration”
要点:知道查找船舶图纸数据,即可自动盲区计算!
如何盲区计算,详见往期文章《【干货】巴拿马运河盲区距离计算,你会算吗》,船舶如何不符合以上盲区要求,应不少于48小时通知代理, 港长评估船舶并采取相应的措施(如额外引水,拖轮,带揽工等)。
3. 巴拿马运河吃水要求
要点:旧闸/12.04m,新闸/ 15.24m,都为TFW密度0.9954!
1). 旧闸Panamax Locks Maximum Draft
The maximum permissible draft for Canal transits using the Panamax Locks has been set at 12.04 meters (39 feet 6 inches) Tropical Fresh Water (TFW) at a Gatun Lake level of 24.01 meters (78.8 feet) or higher. [Gatun Lake density is 0.9954 gms/cc at 29.4℃ (85℉).]
2).新闸Neopanamax Locks Maximum Draft
The maximum allowable draft for Canal transits using the Neopanamax locks has been set at 15.24 meters (50.00 feet) Tropical Fresh Water (TFW) at a Gatun Lake level of 25.91 meters (85.0 feet) or higher. [Gatun Lake density is 0.9954 gms/cc at 29.4℃ (85℉).]
4. 换油燃油要求
简单的一句话:开放式脱硫塔禁止使用,其他情况符合条件可使用。请看以下快速参考指南,一目了然:
5. 巴拿马运河船舶油污应急计划PCSOPEP
要点:首次过河重点!96小时前递交PCSOPEP,如递交失败重罚!非首次过河保持PCSPOPEP有效即可!
按照巴拿马运河航行规则要求,在巴拿马运河水域船舶携带货油或燃油数量超过400MT船东/船舶必须持有效PCSOPEP,其全称为Panama Canal Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan, 且要求船东/船舶在首次过运河或者NOA过期时,船舶到达巴拿马水域前不小于96小时前递交PCSOPEP,如果递交失败可能致船舶被滞留和至少2500美金的罚款,造成船舶不能过运河,导致滞期,off hire等。注意ACP只在收到96-hour notice of arrival/transit后查阅PCSOPEP, 只在收到且查阅符合要求后,签发Notice of Acknowledgement(NOA) 给递交人。NOA自签发日期起有效期4年。船舶持有效地PCSOPEP和NOA复印文本。
6. 过河前船舶准备工作
重点:卫生设施完好齐全,缆机和航海仪器设备工作正常,资料提前备妥。