These can with stand long sea passages without deteriorating or decaying provided that adequate precautions are taken to clean and prepare the cargo spaces and the ventilate them effectively.

只要采取充分的预防措施清洗和准备货仓进行有效的通风，这些（货物）可以承受长途的海上运输而不致变质或腐烂。

Meat, fish, cheese, butter, confectionery etc. have to be essentially stowed in refrigerated compartments where sub-zero temperatures can be maintained.

肉类，鱼类，奶酪，黄油，糖果等必须放置在能维持零度以下温度的冷藏舱里。

Weather-conditions have a great influence on the safety during the voyage and should always be taken into consideration in voyage-planning and when underway.

天气条件对于航行安全有很大影响，在计划航行及在航行期间必须充分考虑。

The state of the atmosphere is determined by various meteorological elements, such as temperature, humidity, cloudiness and fog, forms of precipitation, barometric pressure, and the speed and direction of the wind.

大气状态有各种气象元素所决定，如气温、湿度、云层、雾、降雨形式、气压和风向风速。

The maximum amount of moisture that air can hold at a specific temperature is known as “saturation”.

空气在特定温度所能包含的最大湿度叫做“饱和度”。

When the temperature of air falls, water vapors in the air will condense into droplets or ice crystals, thus, forming clouds or fog.

当空起气温下降时，其中的水汽会凝结成水滴或者冰晶体，由此形成了云或者雾。

The main types of clouds are the high cirrus clouds, the layered stratus clouds and the huge and massive cumulus clouds.

云的主要类型分为高卷云、层云、以及大而厚重的积雨云。

For the navigator the wind direction and force are the most important aspects of meteorological conditions that are forecast in weather reports by weather stations.

对于航海者来说，风向和风力时气象站所发布的最重要的气象信息。