A typical weather report normally includes three parts:warning (gale/storm/hurricane/typhoon/ warnings.); synoptic situation(主气象站) and forecast(effective for 12 or 24 hours.)


 

Gale warnings are usually issued when winds of at least force 8 or gusts reaching 43knots are expected. Gale warnings remain in force until amended or cancelled. However, if the gale persists for more than 24 hours after the time of origin, the warning will be re-issued. The term “severe gale” implies a mean wind of at least force 9 gusts reaching 52 knots.

Storm warnings are usually issued when winds of force 10 or gusts reaching 61 knots are expected. The term “imminent” implies within 6 hours of the time of issue, “soon” implies between 6 to 12 hours; “later” implies more than 12 hours.

Hurricane warnings are issued in some parts of the world when winds of force 12 or above are expected.

Sample of weather reports.

Shipping forecast at 120640 hours

Gale warning are in operation in sea areas Forties, Dogger, Fisher and Germen Bight.

The general synopsis at midnight last night. A depression of 988 millibars which was positioned at 60°north 10°east is expected to move north-east. A depression of 1004 millibars which was positioned at 56°north 19°west is expected to move east and to be centered over the south of Scotland by midnight tonight.

The sea area forecasts is as follows:

Viking: wind north-westerly force, becoming north-westerly force 5 to6. Period of rain, moderate to good visibility.

Forties: wind north-westerly force 6 to 8, moderating to northwest force 3 to 5, rain showers, moderate to good visibility.

Cromarty: wind north-westerly force 3 to 5, veering to south-east force 6, rain, good to moderate visibility.

Dogger, Fisher, German bight: wind north-westerly force 6 to 8, moderating to force 4 to 5, periods of rain, good visibility.

Humber, Portland, Plymouth: wind westerly force 3 to 5, force 6 in Dover, backing south-westerly force 5 to 7 in Thames, rain good visibility.

Notes: abbreviation and expressions.

E=east. S=south. W=west. N=north. Ne=northeast. Nw=northwest. Es=southeast.

Km=kilometer. M=mile. Mb=millibar. Ely=easterly. Wly=westerly. Vis=visibility. Temp=temperature. Tempo=temporary. Press=pressure. Baro=barometer. Deg=degree. Mod=moderate. Slw=slow. Max=maximum. Min=minimum. Sit=situation. Wx=weather. Wrng=warning. Obsy=observatory. Gmt=Greenwich mean time. Msg= message. Pd=period. Pt=point.

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