《装卸时间与滞期费》第6版

CHAPTER 3 第3章

Commencement of laytime 装卸时间的起算

3.422 The Charterparty Laytime Definitions 1980 provide:

25. ‘‘TIME LOST WAITING FOR BERTH TO COUNT AS LOADING/DISCHARGING TIME OR AS LAYTIME’’ means that if the main reason why a notice of readiness cannot be given is that there is no loading/discharging berth available to the ship the laytime will commence to run when the ship starts to wait for a berth and will continue to run, unless previously exhausted, until the ship stops waiting. The laytime exceptions apply to the waiting time as if the ship was at the loading/ discharging berth provided the ship is not already on demurrage. When the waiting time ends time ceases to count and restarts when the ship reaches the loading/discharging berth subject to the giving of a notice of readiness if one is required by the charterparty and to any notice time if provided for in the charterparty, unless the ship is by then on demurrage.

And the Voylayrules 1993 similarly provide:

21. ‘‘TIME LOST WAITING FOR BERTH TO COUNT AS LOADING OR DISCHARGING TIME’’ or ‘‘AS LAYTIME’’ shall mean that if no loading or discharging berth is available and the vessel is unable to tender notice of readiness at the waiting-place then any time lost to the vessel shall count as if laytime were running, or as time on demurrage if laytime has expired. Such time shall cease to count once the berth becomes available. When the vessel reaches a place where she is able to tender notice of readiness, laytime or time on demurrage shall resume after such tender and, in respect of laytime, on expiry of any notice time provided in the charterparty.

3.422《1980年租船合同装卸时间定义》中规定：

25.‘等待泊位损失的时间应计为装货或者卸货的时间’或‘计为装卸时间’是指：如果未能递交装卸准备就绪通知书的主要原因是因为没有适于船舶装/卸货物的空闲可用泊位，除非在此之前已将可用的装卸时间用完，否则，应从船舶开始等泊时起，开始计算装卸时间，并且连续计算，直至船舶停止等待时止。如果船舶尚未进入滞期，装卸时间的除外时间，也适用于该等待时间，就好像船舶是靠泊在装卸泊位上一样。除非船舶此时已进入滞期，否则，当等待时间终止时，装卸时间应停止计算，如果租船合同有规定，则按照要求递交了装卸准备就绪通知书，并符合任何关于通知时间的规定，在船舶抵达装/卸泊位后，即可重新起算装卸时间。

而且，在《1993年航次租船合同装卸时间解释规则》中也有类似的规定，即：

21．‘等泊损失的时间计为装货或卸货的时间’或‘装卸时间’是指：如果没有装货或卸货的可用泊位而船舶又无法在等候的地点递交准备就绪通知书时，船舶损失的时间如同装卸时间已经起算一样计为装卸时间，或者，如果装卸时间已经届满，则计为滞期时间。一旦泊位空出可用，则这种时间就停止计算。当船舶抵达能够递交准备就绪通知书的地点时，装卸时间或滞期时间应在递交该通知书后继续计算；但，就装卸时间而言，则应在租船合同规定的任何通知时间届满之时继续计算。

3.423 It would seem that the emphasis lies on the availability or otherwise of a berth and therefore that the clause only takes effect where the vessel concerned is unable to move into berth due to congestion, and not where she is forced to wait by weather or other causes. Support for this proposition is contained in Lord Diplock’s speech in The Darrah where he said:

‘‘Time lost in waiting for berth’’ in the context of the adventure contemplated by a voyage charter, as it seems to me, must mean the period during which the vessel would have been in berth and at the disposition of the charterer for carrying out the loading or discharging operation, if she had not been prevented by congestion at the port from reaching a berth at which the operation could be carried out.

3.423好像其重点在于泊位可用性或不可用。因此，只有在有关船舶由于港口拥挤不能够移入泊位靠泊的情况下，这一条款才有作用，而对于因天气原因或者其他原因导致的船舶被强制不得不去等候的情况，则不适用。Diplock勋爵在The Darrah案的判词中是支持这一观点的，他说：

在我看来，根据程租合同，在预计航程的背景中可以看出，‘等泊损失的时间’应该是指：如果不是港口拥挤阻止了船舶抵达其进行作业的泊位，她本应该靠在该泊位上并且在承租人安排下进行装货或卸货作业的这段时间。